Various scales to denote alcoholic strength of a liquid

"Various scales to denote alcoholic strength of a liquid"
Scale No Alcohol Pure Alcohol Shown in Units
Example
Sikes 0 175 °proof 70 °proof
Gay-lussac 0 100 °GL 40°GL
American 0 200 Proof 80 proof
OIML 0 100% alc/vol or 40% alc/vol % abv.

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WINE TEMPERATURE

"Humidity" Some degree of humidity is required in order to keep wines with cork enclosures from drying out. Even when wine bottles are stored on their sides, one side of the cork is still exposed to air. If the cork begins to dry out, it can allow oxygen to enter the bottle and possibly causing the wine to spoil or oxidize. "Temperature" Keep the temperature constant for extended aging of wine (over 1 year), refrigeration is a must in most parts of the world; even a below-ground cellar is not cool enough. Wine storage temperature should not go over 75ÚF (24°C), for longer than brief spans of time. At 75°F, wine begins to oxidize. An ideal temperature for storing a varied wine collection is 54°F (12.2°C).

PRODUTION METHODS OF SPIRITS=Methods,Advantages& Disadvantages

"Patent still method": Patent still is the fastest and quick method of making spirit. it is also known as Coffey still, factory still, column still. In this system the alcohol is separated from the liquid by hot steam and the end product is ‘congener-free’; it has high alcohol content. "Advantages" The advantages of this method are as follows • It does not required too much of labour, cleaning, and refilling, • More quantity is produced as compared to pat still method. • It is cost-effective. "Disadvantages" The limitations of this method are as follows • It is not suitable for distilling small quantity of spirits. • Aroma and other essential elements that are required in a drink may not be achieved. After manufacturing, most of the fermented and distilled drinks are aged before bottling to mellow them and to make them acquire unique characteristics.

FOOD AND BEVERAGES

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